Z3050rocker drilling spindle, reverse, neutral, braking and spindle speed and feed rate transformation by hydraulic control. The main drive and feed drive gear using the shaft center lifting type structure, transmission oil cylinder is arranged in a sliding gear is the top of the shaft, the drive gear and the drive shaft enclosed in the spindle box. Transmission system with once fault occurs, the fault reason analysis. As the machine main transmission and feed variable speed transmission by hydraulic and mechanical joint implementation. Machine at work in the case of some stall speed suddenly no, a gear speed will halt faults, which relates to the hydraulic and mechanical two aspects.Summary of repair experience, with the speed of diagnosis method, analysis of the series of transmission chain of the machine tool failure, very handy. The method is simple and reliable, easy to grasp, targeted is stronger.Figure 1Figure 2The 1 piston rod2spline shaft 3sliding gear4cross pin5 positioning steel ball 6springFigure 31speed diagram diagnosis methodUsing rotational speed chart diagnosis method is: first record all failure of the revolution, respectively to these revolutions as the starting point, the rotational speed of the reverse to, and then file marked with arrow. Then according to the arrow to point to determine the transmission chain fault occurred in which one pair or several pairs of transmission gear. The search for the ultimate cause of transmission fault what.2speed diagram diagnosis applicationZ3050radial drilling machine main transmission system for example ( see Figure 1).Fault symptom there are eight main gear speed (25,63,80,160,200,400,500,1250,1800,2000), starting after 1min will automatically stop, even if the load will stop. Stopped, positive, reverse are not, to press the control handle speed, come back to the rotation, but a moment again, so repeatedly. From the main rear glass window observe inwards, positive, reverse cylinder shifting fork, pressing friction sheet reliable action.Fault diagnosis in view of the above situation, can be diagnosed by chain drive disconnected. As for the drive chain in which transmission components caused by the fault of the chain, still need us on the basis of the eight kinds of speed control speed of inverse analysis. From Figure 2arrow can be found: the eight stall speed is by III shaft gear transmission and Z = 29( see Figure 1). Therefore, can be determined: the gear in the transmission process from meshing. Then, what is the reason that Z = 29is disengaged from the engagement? Upon further inspection: III axis control slip gear cylinder inlet and outlet oil flow direction: on the pressure gauge pressure, system pressure is normal: the cylinder dismantling no abnormalities. Then, we can be sure: the slip gear on spline shaft locating failure, so that the vibration and gravity slowly off (see Figure 3). The reason of fault symptoms to gear transmission, is the result of the gear down off the engagement, need to rely on oil pressure of the piston rod1 through a transverse pin4 to drive the sliding gear shift reset3, will break chain to pick up. Such analysis can reasonably explain the failure phenomenon. After dismantling the discovery: the slip gear 3fastening positioning steel ball with 5spring 6fracture, which may not be reliable positioning and swap file. In order to confirm, and dismantling the former analysis accord.In general, the fault if it is several gear rotary speed, may be oil, cylinder fault, causing sliding gear does not move or gear shift caused by card. If it is a gear speed change stop, may be a slip gear positioning is not reliable or transmission is completed, the lower cavity of a cylinder oil is not completely cut off and other reasons, the transmission chain slowly away, causing the broken chain. The foregoing examples, then this is the case. The two situation is reflected in the speed chart, will return to the node in a first gear gear. If the gear disorder, is due to a preselected valve ( used to control the speed of cylinder piston position and coordinate action ) string oil or dislocation and make oil change. This is reflected in the speed chart, the arrow would not return to the node in a stall.3conclusionUsing rotational speed chart analysis of transmission chain of the machine tool fault, not only applies to Z3050radial drilling machine main transmission and feed drive system, can be used for the series of other machine transmission chain fault diagnosis. This method for rapid analysis, troubleshooting, shortens the stop time to repair provides a convenient.
Z3050摇臂钻床主轴正、反转、空档、制动以及主轴转速和进给量变换均由液压操纵实现。主传动和进给传动变速齿轮都采用了轴中心提拉式结构，变速油缸设在滑移齿轮所在轴的顶部，各传动齿轮与传动轴全封闭于主轴箱内。传动系同一旦发生故障，其故障原因分析比较麻烦。因机床主轴传动和进给传动的变速均由液压与机械联合实现。机床在工作中如出现若干档转速忽然没有，某几档转速也会停顿等故障，这涉及到液压与机械两个方面。
总结修理经验，用转速图诊断法，分析该系列机床传动链故障时，颇感得心应手。该方法简单可靠，易于把握，针对性亦较强。
图1
图2
1.活塞杆 2.花键轴 3.滑移齿轮
4.横销 5.定位钢球 6.弹簧
图3
1 转速图诊断法的原理
利用转速图诊断法的原理是:首先记录下所有发生故障的转数，再分别以这些转数为出发点，在转速图上逆推上往，并逐档标上箭头。然后再根据箭头的回结点来确定传动链故障发生在哪一对或几对传动齿轮上。由此寻找传动元件发生故障的终极原因是什么。
2 转速图诊断法应用举例
以Z3050摇臂钻床主传动系统为例(参见图1)。
故障症状 主轴有八档转速(25、63、80、160、200、400、500、1250、1800、2000)，起动后约1min就自动停下来，即使空载也会停。停下来之后，正、反转都没有，要重新压下操纵手柄变速，才会重新转动，但片刻又停，如此反复。从主轴后玻璃窗向内观察，正、反转油缸拨叉上、下压紧磨擦片动作可靠。
故障诊断 针对上述情况，可诊断传动链断开。至于传动链中哪个传动元件引起断链，尚需我们根据前述八种转速值对照转速图逆推分析。由图2中的箭头可发现:这八档转速都是由Ⅲ轴上的齿轮Z=29传递而来(参见图1)。因此，可以初步断定:该齿轮在传动过程中脱开啮合。那么，是何原因使Z=29脱开啮合?经进一步检查：Ⅲ轴控制滑移齿轮油缸进出油管油流方向正确：对测压点接表测压，系统压力正常：拆检该油缸亦无异常。那么，我们可以确定:该滑移齿轮在花键轴上定位失效，使之在振动和自重作用下慢慢脱开啮合(见图3)。故障症状中之所以要重新挂档变速，是因该齿轮向下脱开啮合后，需靠油压力将活塞杆1通过横销4带动滑移齿轮3上移复位，将断链重新接起来。这样分析也能公道地解释故障现象。经拆检发现:该滑移齿轮3上扎紧定位钢球5用的弹簧6断裂，使之不能可靠定位而掉档。从而证实，与拆检前分析相符合。
一般情况下，故障假如是若干档转速没有，则可能是油路、油缸故障，致使滑移齿轮不移动或齿轮移动受卡等原因引起。假如是某几档转速变停，则可能是滑移齿轮定位不可靠或变速完成之后，通往油缸下腔的油路没有完全切断等原因，使传动链慢慢脱开，引起断链。前述例子，便属于这种情况。这两种情况反映在转速图上，会回结于某一档变速齿轮上。若是乱档，则是由于预选阀(用于控制各变速油缸活塞位置并协调动作)串油或错位而使油路发生变化。这种情况反映在转速图上，箭头不会回结于某个档位。
3 结论
利用转速图分析机床传动链故障，不仅适用于Z3050摇臂钻床主传动和进给传动系统，亦可用于该系列其它机床的传动链故障诊断。这种方法为快速分析、排除故障，缩短停机修理时间提供了方便。
